Introduction to the Nguyen Dynasty’s Cultural Legacy

The Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945), the last monarchical dynasty in Vietnam’s history, left a remarkable cultural legacy: a group of Royal tombs between Mount Ngu and the Huong River (Perfume River).

In the early 1910s, Eberhard wrote: “Hue is an attractive tourist center famous for the Citadel, the Royal City, and the Royal tombs which have attracted the special attention of visitors and artists. The Royal tombs of the Nguyễn Kings alone are valuable enough for tourism and are more beautiful than those of the Ming Kings in China.” Many Vietnamese and foreign specialists in culture and art have claimed that the Royal tombs in Hue are among the most brilliant achievements of ancient Vietnamese architecture.

Overview of the Seven Tombs and Their Locations

There were thirteen Kings of the Nguyễn Dynasty, but only seven built tombs that can be viewed today. The reasons for this involve complicated historical factors, which require careful historical study. The seven tombs that can be seen in Hue today belong to the Kings Gia Long, Minh Mang, Thieu Tri, Tu Duc, Duc Duc, Dong Khanh, and Khai Dinh. According to the original design of the Nguyễn Capital, drawn up in the early 19th century, the location reserved for the tombs is in a secluded area to the west of the Hue Citadel, as observed from the center of the Hue Ancient Capital. Many inscriptions found in this area indicate that the King was associated with the Sun and considered the incarnation of the Supreme Deity. The setting of the sun indicated the decease of a King, and it was believed that after death, the King traveled westward with the sun to rest in the tranquility of the mountainous area where the serene and poetic Huong River flows.

Philosophical and architech Behind the Tombs’ Design

According to another way of thinking, death is life, and therefore, the Royal tombs in Hue are not sorrowful places. Each of them is divided into two main sections: one for graves and the other for temples, palaces, and pavilions, frequented by the Kings for enjoyment. The latter section can be seen as the second royal palace of the contemporary King. In Tu Duc Tomb, for instance, there are many architectural structures of different sizes built for the King’s daily activities and entertainment.

They include Hoà Khiem Palace as the King’s workplace, Luong Khiêm Palace as the King’s sleeping and dining place, and Xung Khiêm Pavilion and Dû Khiêm Pavilion where the King sat to fish, write poems, and enjoy a view. Luru Khiêm Lake was where the King rowed about to pick water lilies. Minh Khiêm Hall was a center, and Y Khiêm Palace and Tri Khiêm Palace were where the King’s concubines and maids stayed when they followed the King here.

The Role of the Tombs in Vietnamese Culture and History

After a King died, all the architectural structures in his tomb were kept intact and dedicated to his worship. His concubines and maids had to stay there to take care of his grave until they themselves died. They had to consider ‘death as life, inexistence as existence’ with all the meanings of this dogma, as well as with loyalty to the deceased King. After a King died, his tomb became his new living place.

The division of each Royal tomb in Hue into two sections and its architectural style is determined by the concept of “eternal life after death.” Accordingly, life on Earth is temporary. Even though one may live up to one hundred years, life is just a dream. Everything is impermanent and changeable like clouds. Thus, each Royal tomb in Hue is a palace in the other world, to which they return for eternal life.

UNESCO Recognition and Global Significance

Because of this perception of life and death, each of the Nguyễn Kings, except one, had his tomb built while still alive and on the throne. Recently, a critic from the UNESCO Committee of the Center for Asian Culture made a brief but profound assessment of the underlying philosophy of the tomb architecture of the Nguyễn Kings: “With the short-lived paradise on earth, the impressive tombs were built for an eternal paradise later.”

The architecture of the Royal tombs in Hue has its language with profound meanings. Only by understanding it can one explain why each of these Royal tombs has a system of palaces for entertainment and theatres for the enjoyment of theatrical arts and beautiful women, why the interior of Thien Dinh Palace in Khai Dinh tomb looks like an attractive and sparkling art museum, and why these Royal tombs are decorated with so many patterns in the shapes of the Chinese characters for “longevity” and “happiness.”

The architecture of the Royal tombs in Hue also reflects a peaceful and wise attitude toward the inevitability of death. In some of them, the tomb and temple sections are separated only by a tiny distance. When coming to the palaces for entertainment, the Kings would have a quick look at their graves, which had been dug in advance, without feeling worried or frightened. Having understood thoroughly the natural law of human lif

e, they would feel happy before death and be ready for it to come, leading them to the other world. There they would find their eternal houses, their final resting places, and their everlasting worlds. The Royal tombs in Hue show a synthesis of the sacred and profane and represent the world of the dead. Thanks to their artistic architecture, the often-felt mournfulness was greatly replaced with joy.

In summary, thanks to the ideological theme springing from the outlook on life as a synthesis of Eastern philosophies, as well as the marvelous artistic talent of the Vietnamese architects of the time, the Royal tombs in Hue have become colorful and fragrant flowers of art blossoming in the mountainous area of Hue. These Royal tombs have unique features that differentiate them from other tomb structures worldwide. Each Royal tomb in Hue is a historical and cultural site and a beauty spot with charming parks. Moved by the beauty of the Royal tombs in Hue, both natural and supernatural, each part in this poem refers to a Royal tomb in the area of Ngu Mountain and the Huong River.

They are built on the same principles but have different styles of art, succinctly described by the adjectives below:

Gia Long Tomb: imposing, grand, magnificent

Minh Mang Tomb: solemn, serious

Thieu Tri Tomb: light, buoyant, supple, flexible

Tu Duc Tomb: poetic, lyrical, graceful, refined

Duc Duc Tomb: simple and modest

Dong Khanh Tomb: pretty, charming

Khai Dinh tomb: sophisticated, polished, and refined

As a final tribute, in 1957, because of their high cultural and artistic value, the Royal tombs in Hue were classified as one of the world’s wonders by a group of fifteen Western scholars, as recorded in the book Les Merveilles du Monde (Wonders of the World) by Jean Cocteau of the French Academy.

Discover the beauty and cultural significance of the Royal tombs in Hue, Vietnam. Learn about the unique architectural styles of each tomb and the Nguyen Dynasty’s philosophical approach to death and the afterlife. Explore why these tombs have been classified as one of the world’s wonders and continue to attract visitors from around the globe.

Explore the Royal tombs of Hue, Vietnam, and discover their beauty and cultural significance. Each tomb has a unique architectural style and is tied to the Nguyen Dynasty’s philosophical approach to death and the afterlife. These tombs are considered one of the world’s wonders and continue to attract visitors from around the globe.

Hue city, located in central Vietnam, boasts an array of natural beauty that is sure to awe any traveler. It is a perfect destination for those who want to get away from the hustle and bustle of city life and immerse themselves in the serenity of nature. With its lush green forests, crystal-clear rivers, and majestic waterfalls, Hue city is truly a hidden gem waiting to be explored.

If you’re planning a trip to Hue city, make sure to visit some of the best springs and waterfalls in the area. One of the most popular destinations is the Elephant Springs, located about 15 kilometers outside the city. Here, you can take a refreshing swim in the cool waters and enjoy the stunning natural surroundings.

Elephant Springs

Elephant Springs is a series of natural pools and cascading waterfalls located in the mountains near Hue city. The water is crystal clear and refreshing, perfect for a dip on a hot day. There are also several hiking trails in the area, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

Please note this Elephant spring is closed 3 years ago, until 2026 we can not come here, on our trip between Hue and Hoi An, we won’t stop here. Instead that, we go to Nhi Ho Spring, it is also near Voi Spring

Hoi Mit – Mo Spring

Located in Lang Co town, about 25km from Hue city, Hoi Mit – Mo Spring is a hidden gem that is off the beaten path. The spring is surrounded by lush greenery and has clear, cool water that is perfect for swimming. It’s a great spot to escape the crowds and enjoy some peace and tranquility.

Nhi Ho Spring

Nhi Ho spring, located in Phu Loc district, is a hidden gem that is perfect for those seeking a more off-the-beaten-path experience in the Hue city area. Situated about 50 km away from the city center, the spring is surrounded by lush, dense jungle that provides a serene and peaceful atmosphere. The crystal clear water offers a refreshing swimming experience, and the tranquil surroundings offer a great opportunity for relaxation and reflection. To get there, visitors will need to embark on a bit of a hike, but the effort is definitely worth it once you arrive and take in the breathtaking natural scenery. In addition, the location is less crowded than other popular tourist destinations in the area, allowing visitors to enjoy the beauty of Nhi Ho spring without the hustle and bustle of larger crowds.

Hue city is a destination that should not be missed by anyone who loves nature and adventure. With its stunning natural beauty and breathtaking scenery, it is a perfect place to escape from the stresses of daily life and immerse oneself in the beauty of nature.

Overview Hue Imperial Citadel

Hue Imperial Citadel has been recognized as one of the world’s cultural heritages by UNESCO. The Citadel is surrounded by two thick walls, Ngoai Thanh and Noi Thanh. Inside Ngoai Thanh is a small city that serves as the center of the Citadel, where the king and royal family lived. When visiting the Citadel at the right time, visitors will have the chance to admire the beautiful lotus flowers blooming on the surface of the lake outside Ngoai Thanh. Inside Ngoai Thanh is Noi Thanh. From the first steps to Noi Thanh in the direction of Ngo Mon gate, visitors will be awed by the great views that appear before their eyes.

Visitors’ first impression is probably the lake adjacent to the port, where carp swim and race to bite food. It’s amusing to watch the brightly colored flock of carp. Next, visitors can cross the first bridge across the lake to visit the most important architectural building, which is Thai Hoa Palace.

Other architectures inside the Citadel

This palace was only used for flanking, important banquets, and other ceremonies of the Royal family. Inside Thai Hoa Palace are magnificent gilded lacquer pillars. Around Thai Hoa Palace are other architectures:

• Kien Trung Palace – where the mandarins prepared before flanking.
• The Mieu – where the Nguyen Dynasty’s kings are worshipped.
• Dien Tho Palace – the residence and daily living quarters of the King’s Mother.
• Hien Lam Cac – the memorial to remember the merits of the Nguyen Dynasty’s kings and courtiers who had great success in the dynasty.
• Nine Dynastic Urns – 9 copper urns that symbolize a prosperous, unified country and a dynasty that endures. Each urn has a particular name: Cao Dinh, Nhan Dinh, Chuong Dinh, Anh Dinh, Nghi Dinh, Thuan Dinh, Tuyen Dinh, Du Dinh, and Huyen Dinh.
• Ta Vu and Huu Vu – the place where courtiers prepare rituals, the workplace of Co Mat Vien, and where competitions and banquets are organized.
• Thai Binh Lau – where the king rests in his spare time, reads, writes, poetizes, and relaxes.
• Duyet Thi Duong – the main stage where performers sing for the King, royal family, and courtiers in the dynasty.

Travel Guide for visiting Hue Imperial citadel

Hue Imperial Citadel is a must-visit destination for those interested in history, architecture, and culture. Here are some tips for visiting:

• Wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking involved.
• Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen as it can get hot.
• Consider hiring a local guide to learn more about the history and significance of the various buildings and structures.
• Take your time and enjoy the beautiful scenery, including the lotus flowers on the lake.
• Don’t miss the Thai Hoa Palace, which is the most important building in the Citadel.
• Visit in the morning to avoid the crowds and the heat.